Macam-Macam Tenses

A.  Present

a.   Simple Present Tense

Sesuatu yang terjadi terus menerus, selalu atau biasa terjadi.

Pola Kalimat

Berkata Kerja

 (+) Subject + V1 (s/es) + Object

(-) Subject + do/does not + V1 + Object

(?) Do/does + Subject + V1 + Object

 Tidak Berkata Kerja 

(+) Subject + to be (am, is, are)  + noun, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject + to be (am, is, are)  + not + noun, adjective, adverb

(?) To be (am, is, are)  + Subject + noun, adjective, adverb

adverb of frequency :

• always
• often
• usually
• never
• seldom
• sometime
• generally
• normally
• occasionally
• hardly
• rarely

adverb of time:

• every day
• every week
• every morning
• once a week
• twice a day
• three times a year
• weekly
• monthly

b.   Present Continuous Tense

Sesuatu yang terjadi atau berlangsung pada saat dibicarakan.

Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+to be (is/am/are)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+to be+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) To be+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
           

adverb of time :

• now
• at present
• at this moment
• right now 

kata kerja gerak:

• go
• come
• do
• walk
• swim 
• run

 

c.    Present Perfect Tense

Sesuatu yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan masih ada hubungannya dengan sekarang. Akibat-akibat kejadian itu masih terasa atau masih ada sisa-sisa bekas kejadian yang belum lama terjadi.

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+have/has+been/Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+have/has+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Have/has+Subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

Kata keterangan yang sering disisipkan di antaranya:

• Just
• already
• once
• yet
• not yet
• since
• for

d.   Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Sesuatu kejadian yang telah terjadi dan mulai dari masa lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+have/has+been+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+have/has+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Have/has+been+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

Biasanya disisipi keterangan:

• Since
• For
• since…until

B.   Past

a.   Simple Past Tense

Situasi atau satu kejadian yang terjadi pada titik waktu di masa lampau.

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+Verb-2+ object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+did not+V-1+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Did+Subject+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

kata keterangan waktu:

• yesterday
• last week
• last month
• a week ago

b.   Past Continuous Tense

Situasi yang sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau

Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+be (was/were)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+was/were+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Was/were+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

c.    Past Perfect Tense

Sesuatu yang sudah terjadi, sebelum kejadian lain terjadi pada waktu lampau

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+had+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+had+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Had+subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

d.   Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Suatu kejadian yang sangat lama, dan masih ada hubungannya dengan saat tertentu pada waktu lampau.

Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+had+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+had+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Had+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

C.   Future

a.   Simple Future Tense

Suatu kegiatan yang akan dilakukan atau peristiwa yang mungkin atau akan terjadi.

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+will/shall+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+be/V-1+object, adjective, adverb

b.   Future Continuous Tense

Suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada titik waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+will/shall+be+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+be+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+be+V-1+object, adjective, adverb

c.    Future Perfect Tense

Suatu kejadian yang diperkirakan tuntas di masa yang akan datang

Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+will/shall+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

Kata keterangan:

• by then
• by that tim
• in five hours
• in six years

d.   Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Suatu kejadian yang diperkirakan masih berlangsung di masa yang akan datang

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+will/shall+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+been+Verb-ing+object, adj, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

D.  Past Future

a.   Simple Past Future Tense

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+should/would+Verb-1

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

b.   Past Future Continuous Tense

Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+be+Verb-ing

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

c.    Past Future Perfect Tense

Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+have+Verb-3

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

d.   Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+have+been+Verb-ing

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1