Kamis, 07 Juni 2012

Macam-Macam Tenses

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A.  Present
a.   Simple Present Tense
Sesuatu yang terjadi terus menerus, selalu atau biasa terjadi.

Pola Kalimat
Berkata Kerja
 (+) Subject + V1 (s/es) + Object

(-) Subject + do/does not + V1 + Object

(?) Do/does + Subject + V1 + Object

 Tidak Berkata Kerja 
(+) Subject + to be (am, is, are)  + noun, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject + to be (am, is, are)  + not + noun, adjective, adverb

(?) To be (am, is, are)  + Subject + noun, adjective, adverb

adverb of frequency :
  • always
  • often
  • usually
  • never
  • seldom
  • sometime
  • generally
  • normally
  • occasionally
  • hardly
  • rarely
adverb of time:
  • every day
  • every week
  • every morning
  • once a week
  • twice a day
  • three times a year
  • weekly
  • monthly
b.   Present Continuous Tense
Sesuatu yang terjadi atau berlangsung pada saat dibicarakan.

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+to be (is/am/are)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+to be+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) To be+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
           
adverb of time :
  • now
  • at present
  • at this moment
  • right now 

kata kerja gerak:
  • go
  • come
  • do
  • walk
  • swim 
  • run
 
c.    Present Perfect Tense
Sesuatu yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan masih ada hubungannya dengan sekarang. Akibat-akibat kejadian itu masih terasa atau masih ada sisa-sisa bekas kejadian yang belum lama terjadi.

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+have/has+been/Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+have/has+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Have/has+Subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

Kata keterangan yang sering disisipkan di antaranya:
  • Just
  • already
  • once
  • yet
  • not yet
  • since
  • for

d.   Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Sesuatu kejadian yang telah terjadi dan mulai dari masa lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+have/has+been+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+have/has+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Have/has+been+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

Biasanya disisipi keterangan:
  • Since
  • For
  • since…until

B.   Past
a.   Simple Past Tense
Situasi atau satu kejadian yang terjadi pada titik waktu di masa lampau.

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+Verb-2+ object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+did not+V-1+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Did+Subject+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

kata keterangan waktu:
  • yesterday
  • last week
  • last month
  • a week ago

b.   Past Continuous Tense
Situasi yang sedang terjadi pada waktu lampau

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+be (was/were)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+was/were+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Was/were+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

c.    Past Perfect Tense
Sesuatu yang sudah terjadi, sebelum kejadian lain terjadi pada waktu lampau

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+had+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+had+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Had+subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

d.   Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Suatu kejadian yang sangat lama, dan masih ada hubungannya dengan saat tertentu pada waktu lampau.

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+had+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+had+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Had+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

C.   Future
a.   Simple Future Tense
Suatu kegiatan yang akan dilakukan atau peristiwa yang mungkin atau akan terjadi.

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+will/shall+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+be/V-1+object, adjective, adverb

b.   Future Continuous Tense
Suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada titik waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+will/shall+be+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+be+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+be+V-1+object, adjective, adverb

c.    Future Perfect Tense
Suatu kejadian yang diperkirakan tuntas di masa yang akan datang

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+will/shall+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

Kata keterangan:
  • by then
  • by that tim
  • in five hours
  • in six years

d.   Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Suatu kejadian yang diperkirakan masih berlangsung di masa yang akan datang

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+will/shall+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

(-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+been+Verb-ing+object, adj, adverb

(?) Will/shall+Subject+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

D.  Past Future
a.   Simple Past Future Tense

Pola Kalimat
(+) Subject+should/would+Verb-1

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

b.   Past Future Continuous Tense

Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+be+Verb-ing

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

c.    Past Future Perfect Tense

Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+have+Verb-3

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

d.   Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Pola Kalimat

(+) Subject+should/would+have+been+Verb-ing

(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1

(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

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